Meaning of Life and Ordinary Person Essay

I can't summarize my way of thinking with one wide term. I will examine my methods of reasoning yet they all associate dependent on my principle theory. My fundamental way of thinking is that difficulty regularly readies a customary individual for an unprecedented predetermination. Conventional individuals from an earlier time that suffered through difficulties, for example, Anne Frank, Martin Luther K. Jr. what's more, Caesar Chavez, had an uncommon predetermination. I am not contrasting myself with these eminent people, yet they are a wellspring of support for a common individual like me. I felt in my heart that everything occurs which is as it should be. It is extremely unlikely that my life ought to have or could have turned out this way. My conviction was hardened and my confidence fortified, when I turned into a tutor to the Women at La Casita Rehabilitation Center. I am ideal for this volunteer help! My encounters empower me to mind so profoundly and relate to these ladies in recuperation. I discover importance in this work. There is no fiscal increase. It’s the inherent inclination I get when I see a lady get her multi day, multi day, 90day and 1year collectedness chip. This administration furnishes me with appreciation for my recuperation and lowliness. I was that lady, perhaps not actually, yet the sentiments were fundamentally the same as. Another part of my way of thinking of life will be; life isn't tied in with ending up yet making yourself. I have built up my way of thinking of life dependent on my encounters throughout everyday life and settled on a choice to re-make myself. I am an intense adherent that you can become whoever you need to be in this life. We ought not underestimate life since it is a blessing and tomorrow isn't guaranteed to anybody. On the off chance that you don’t like your conditions, it is alright to transform them. There are a few things we have no influence over, yet for the things we can control, we have the force and obligation to transform it. If not, quit griping and change in accordance with the circumstance. Be that as it may, on the off chance that we essentially stay there and trust that things will transform, it most likely won't change. Or on the other hand the circumstance may turn out to be more terrible after some time. In the meantime we will be passing up the delights and endowments of life. At any rate this has been my experience.

Zara: Information Technology For Fast Fashion :: Problem, Solution, Case Study

Issue Statement: In 2003, Zara's CIO must conclude whether to update the retailer's IT framework and abilities. At the hour of the case, the organization depends on an obsolete working framework for its store terminals and has no full-time arrange set up across stores. In spite of these confinements, notwithstanding, Zara's parent organization, Inditex, has assembled an exceptionally well-performing esteem chain that is by a wide margin the most responsive in the business. Hence the serious issue to the organization is to choose whether it needs to overhaul the current framework and thusly, taking a chance with the dependability they have with the present framework or to proceed with the current DOS based framework which won't be perfect for future changes or enhancements. Investigation and Recommendation: Zara’s principle technique is the capacity to react rapidly to the requests of target clients which called for recognizing patterns of the client ahead of time. The organization has had the option to distinguish the patterns and fulfill the need with the assistance of its self-rulingly sorted out structure and its viable worth chain frameworks. The current framework followed by Zara has been compelling and simple to keep up, which subsequently has convinced the organization to proceed with no adjustment in the current framework up until now. The issue that Zara faces right presently is that the framework that they use, P-O-S (Point of Sale terminals), runs on DOS which Microsoft doesn't bolster any longer and any equipment change in the POS terminal won't be perfect with the present POS programming. In spite of the fact that the desire to move quickly for the change may not be that high, putting resources into IT foundation is an unquestionabl e requirement as MS Dos is an old innovation and there is no agreement or assurance from their POS terminal seller that they will keep providing a similar terminal with out a lot of changes in the equipment for a particular timeframe, in this way change is unavoidable. The other fundamental issue that Zara faces is that the stores don’t share stock data electronically and henceforth stock administration turns out to be exceptionally troublesome and manual. The dynamic procedure depends on the judgment of workers all through the organization as opposed to depending on a little arrangement of chiefs; most of the choices were made by senior supervisors and subsequently they put orders for the things as opposed to just tolerating and showing what central command chose to send them.

An Essay on Self Help

An Essay on Self HelpDo you want to write an essay on self-help? Many people take the time to do this and some write their entire essay about it.Self help is all about helping you. It is not about trying to do something to anyone else, such as other people. If it is about another person, it is about them.Self-help means that you have a problem. You have to figure out what your problem is, what the solution is and then work on the solution. There is no getting around the fact that there are problems. Some of them can be fixed, some cannot.Self help is basically your own personal discipline. Discipline requires that you do your best and then follow through. There is a saying that goes, 'success is one step at a time'.Every person needs to learn how to do something. It might not seem like a big deal to someone else, but to that person it means the world.An essay on self-help will help you understand and appreciate yourself. Understanding yourself is important because you can't trust you rself if you don't know what you are capable of doing.It is also important to realize that if you want to succeed, you need to be willing to learn from someone else. Often times in life we try to do things by ourselves. This is how many people fail and never reach their full potential.A person who can actually make a living by writing essays on self-help is certainly an inspiration. He or she did not become what they are by accident. They worked hard, made mistakes and eventually were successful.

The Effects Of Victorian Culture On The Arthurian Legends

The Effect of Victorian Culture on the Arthurian Legends The Arthurian legends stand as a mutable model of the perfect court and ruler which has been transformed by authors over the centuries to fit new cultural ideals and Tennyson’s Idylls of the King is no exception to this pattern of transformation. With his retellings of the tales of King Arthur based on earlier models of the stories, most notably the works of Sir Thomas Malory, Tennyson represents some of the most common Victorian cultural views. This representation is most clearly observable in his portrayal of the female character of Guinevere and the concept of sexual morality in a tale that places great emphasis on the effects of the adulterous affair between Sir Lancelot and†¦show more content†¦Essentially a woman’s only expected or accepted role was to be a good wife and societal pressures were exerted to ensure that women would adhere to this expectation. Women are essentially meant to serve men in this society which is a contrast to Malory’s Arth urian society in which men of the chivalric code were expected to be in service to women. It is important to note the way in which the Malorian world â€Å"places such high value on knights providing service to women† (Ackerman 8) which seems to give women some power, but actually made women analogous to a prize or a pawn in many respects and failed to give the female characters any active role in the story. The main distinction of Tennyson’s version seems to be the agency he gives his female characters, but that doesn’t necessarily mean women were represented and treated fairly in the poems. So, the two societies seem similar in some respects yet the main difference between them lies in the agency given to female characters and the amount of importance placed on different cultural ideals. The most significant of those ideals in both Tennyson’s retelling and the Victorian society in general is the exaggeration of feminine virtue and subsequent emphasis of a woman’s chastity as essential to the foundation of the society. The portrayal of Guinevere in the two versions of the story provides anShow MoreRelatedThe Period Of Victorian Times3057 Words   |  13 Pages Late-Victorian civilians had no hope or faith left by the end of Queen Victoria’s reign. Victorian poets either attempted to change the mind and hearts of Victorian people for the benefit of the throne or attempted to raise awareness for the benefit of progress over the course of the era’s entirety. Nineteenth century England reached its height as a world imperial power and had changed as dramatically as it had in all of its history combined during this time (Greenblatt 2145). The population of

The History of Gravity and Aristotle

One of the most pervasive behaviors that we experience, its no wonder that even the earliest scientists tried to understand why objects fall toward the ground. The Greek philosopher Aristotle gave one of the earliest and most comprehensive attempts at a scientific explanation of this behavior by putting forth the idea that objects moved toward their natural place. This natural place for the element of Earth was in the center of the Earth (which was, of course, the center of the universe in Aristotles geocentric model of the universe). Surrounding the Earth was a concentric sphere that was the natural realm of water, surrounded by the natural realm of air, and then the natural realm of fire above that. Thus, Earth sinks in water, water sinks in the air, and flames rise above air. Everything gravitates toward its natural place in Aristotles model, and it comes across as fairly consistent with our intuitive understanding and basic observations about how the world works. Aristotle further believed that objects fall at a speed that is proportional to their weight. In other words, if you took a wooden object and a metal object of the same size and dropped them both, the heavier metal object would fall at a proportionally faster speed. Galileo and Motion Aristotles philosophy about motion toward a substances natural place held sway for about 2,000 years, until the time of Galileo Galilei. Galileo conducted experiments rolling objects of different weights down inclined planes (not dropping them off the Tower of Pisa, despite the popular apocryphal stories to this effect), and found that they fell with the same acceleration rate regardless of their weight. In addition to the empirical evidence, Galileo also constructed a theoretical thought experiment to support this conclusion. Here is how the modern philosopher describes Galileos approach in his 2013 book Intuition Pumps and Other Tools for Thinking: Some thought experiments are analyzable as rigorous arguments, often of the form reductio ad absurdum, in which one takes ones opponents premises and derives a formal contradiction (an absurd result), showing that they cant all be right. One of my favorites is the proof attributed to Galileo that heavy things dont fall faster than lighter things (when friction is negligible). If they did, he argued, then since heavy stone A would fall faster than light stone B, if we tied B to A, stone B would act as a drag, slowing A down. But A tied to B is heavier than A alone, so the two together should also fall faster than A by itself. We have concluded that tying B to A would make something that fell both faster and slower than A by itself, which is a contradiction. Newton Introduces Gravity The major contribution developed by Sir Isaac Newton was to recognize that this falling motion observed on Earth was the same behavior of motion that the Moon and other objects experience, which holds them in place within relation to each other. (This insight from Newton was built upon the work of Galileo, but also by embracing the heliocentric model and Copernican principle, which had been developed by Nicholas Copernicus prior to Galileos work.) Newtons development of the law of universal gravitation, more often called the law of gravity, brought these two concepts together in the form of a mathematical formula that seemed to apply to determine the force of attraction between any two objects with mass. Together with Newtons laws of motion, it created a formal system of gravity and motion that would guide scientific understanding unchallenged for over two centuries. Einstein Redefines Gravity The next major step in our understanding of gravity comes from Albert Einstein, in the form of his general theory of relativity, which describes the relationship between matter and motion through the basic explanation that objects with mass actually bend the very fabric of space and time (collectively called spacetime). This changes the path of objects in a way that is in accord with our understanding of gravity. Therefore, the current understanding of gravity is that it is a result of objects following the shortest path through spacetime, modified by the warping of nearby massive objects. In the majority of cases that we run into, this is in complete agreement with Newtons classical law of gravity. There are some cases which require the more refined understanding of general relativity to fit the data to the required level of precision. The Search for Quantum Gravity However, there are some cases where not even general relativity can quite give us meaningful results. Specifically, there are cases where general relativity is incompatible with the understanding of quantum physics. One of the best known of these examples is along the boundary of a black hole, where the smooth fabric of spacetime is incompatible with the granularity of energy required by quantum physics. This was theoretically resolved by the physicist Stephen Hawking, in an explanation that predicted black holes radiate energy in the form of Hawking radiation. What is needed, however, is a comprehensive theory of gravity that can fully incorporate quantum physics. Such a theory of quantum gravity would be needed in order to resolve these questions. Physicists have many candidates for such a theory, the most popular of which is string theory, but none which yield sufficient experimental evidence (or even sufficient experimental predictions) to be verified and broadly accepted as a correct description of physical reality. Gravity-Related Mysteries In addition to the need for a quantum theory of gravity, there are two experimentally-driven mysteries related to gravity that still need to be resolved. Scientists have found that for our current understanding of gravity to apply to the universe, there must be an unseen attractive force (called dark matter) that helps hold galaxies together and an unseen repulsive force (called dark energy) that pushes distant galaxies apart at faster rates.

Medical Marijuana Should Be Legal - 1777 Words

Medical marijuana brings many benefits to the medical community and should be legalized. Medical marijuana also known as medical cannabis, brings relief too many people with multiple different types of diseases. One major benefit of marijuana being such a good relief medicine is that it is not addictive. Medical marijuana would also be very easy to regulate and bring many economic benefits to our country. Medical marijuana also known as medical cannabis brings relief too many people with many different types of diseases. There are many different diseases that medical marijuana can help patients with these diseases get relief but the ones explained here are some of the more serious ones. Doctors say medical marijuana needs to be legalized to bring the relief patients need, 69 percent say it can help with certain treatment and conditions. 67 percent say it should be a medical option for patients. 56 percent support making it legal nationwide. 50 percent of doctor’s in states where it is not legal say it should be legal in their state. 52 percent of doctors in states consider new laws say it should be legal in their states. (Rappold 2) American Glaucoma Society states the definition of Glaucoma, â€Å"Glaucoma is a disease of the optic nerve that can result in vision loss and blindness† (Jampel). Glaucoma being a disease that could cause eye loss it is a disease that cannot be taken lightly and people want to find a treatment to help their case as soon as possible. With medicalShow MoreRelatedMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal904 Words   |  4 PagesMedical Marijuana Although marijuana is illegal and lacks FDA approval it should be used to treat cancer. Opponents of medical marijuana argue that it is too dangerous to use, lacks FDA approval, and that various legal drugs make marijuana use unnecessary. They believe marijuana is addictive, leads to harder drug use, and injures the lungs, immune system, and brain. They also believe that medical marijuana is a front for drug legalization and recreational use. Benefit that it is isn’t a great treatmentRead MoreShould Medical Marijuana Be Legal?1249 Words   |  5 PagesMarch 1, 2017 Medical Marijuana Informative Unless you ve been living under a rock, you have probably at some point in the last few years had a conversation with a friend or family member regarding medical marijuana. Although it is considered a controversial topic, in recent months it has been gaining approval by the public. But it does not come without opposition and arguments. Medical marijuana is a complex subject and still requires more education for the public, the medical community, and theRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal1651 Words   |  7 Pagesmost commonly referred to as marijuana. Medical marijuana refers to the use of cannabis and its cannabinoids to treat disease or improve symptoms (Wikipedia.com). Cannabis contains two active ingredients inside called cannabinoids (CBD) along with the delta-g-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The medicinal and psychoactive effects that personally associate with marijuana are caused by unique structures of cannabinoids. In addition, the major psychoactive ingredient in marij uana is THC, which additionallyRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal1477 Words   |  6 Pagesacross the nation believe that medical marijuana can provide a variety of benefits ranging from pain relief to increasing appetite. Others won’t provide the drug to patients until more significant evidence is presented. The drug has been a topic of debate for many years, but one thing that researchers can always count on is a growing library of testimonials from patients who have legally experimented with the drug to manage their conditions. As it stands, marijuana has had a different impact in eachRead MoreShould Medical Marijuana Be Legal?1778 Words   |  8 Pagesusing medical marijuana for chronic pain outweigh the risks? Medical Marijuana is a topic we have all heard a couple of times in the past years. It has been a debatable topic since there seems to be a lot of opinions on what should be and shouldn’t be legal. Some say its benefits outweigh anything else, and some others state that there is a hazard involved with this drug. There are studies on both sides of the question that demonstrate what appear to be clear benefits for medical marijuana, asRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal1545 Words   |  7 Pagesmedicinal utility of marijuana. However, the federal government opposes passing legislation that would legalize medical marijuana because of its potential to be abused or unregulated. The states are continuously challenging the federal government causing complications in legislation in regards to medical marijuana. Because of its history of medicinal properties and accumulating amounts of state and local legislation, the federal government should decriminalize medical marijuana an d legalize its useRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal1053 Words   |  5 PagesMedical marijuana, also called cannabis, is used in some places as a medication to treat diseases and symptoms. Many people consider it helpful and harmless making it the most used illicit drug in North America. With legalizing medical marijuana people can alleviate some health problems and help ease physical pain, but it also can bring many concerns, questions, and responsibility. Legalizing cannabis can help many people with their health conditions. There are some advantages to taking medicalRead MoreShould Medical Marijuana Be Legal?1591 Words   |  7 Pagesdebated topic on marijuana legalization is widely argued. Whether it’s for medical or recreational usages, this topic is reaching boiling point. The complicity on the legalities of marijuana has reached a point in society where legal usage has been popping up across the country. In the medical sector, studies have shown benefits, and harmful effects in patients. Some physicians support, however some physicians do see health concerns that influence their stance on whether medical marijuana laws are toRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal897 Words   |  4 PagesMedical Cannabis Weed Cannabis, also known as Marijuana has many effects to it. In recent years officials have decided that it should be used for medical usage. They have found out that it helps many medical conditions. Medical cannabis has many things that could cure. Studies has shown that it slows the response time in the synapses in the brain it helps the brain heal. For example if someone was in a bad wreck it allows the brain to eventually heal. Because it is unlike other prescribed drugs weedRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal860 Words   |  4 Pagesthat medical marijuana might be useful in reducing this pressure. Marijuana has also became a common sight in the medicine cabinets of patients suffering from HIV/AIDS and many different forms of cancer. Cannabis consumptions has been known for its ability to stimulate appetite commonly referred to as â€Å"getting the munchies.† Medical marijuana can successfully benefit its patients with HIV or cancer by helping generate an appetite through the use of plant. Researchers have shown that medical cannabis

Becoming A Licensed Funeral Director free essay sample

Becoming A Licensed Funeral Director Embalmer Letonio B. Johnson December 10, 2012 Strategies for Success in College, Career, and Life! (SLS 1103) Many people cringe at the thought of being in the presence of death. A subject no one wishes to discuss too often. But the fact is that death is a part of life. It’s appointed for every person to die. No one knows when there time will be. I must admit imaging death can be very scary rather it’s the death of a loved one, a friend, or even yourself. Some people would rather not hear, speck, or talk about death until the services are needed. That’s why I feel that funeral directors are very special people. They serve families at their most difficult times. Funeral director are generally very professional, honest, and trustworthy. As a young child I was always fond of the funeral industry. People often asked if it was creepy growing up in a family of funeral directors. We will write a custom essay sample on Becoming A Licensed Funeral Director or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My friends and cousins would often ask if we could sneak into the funeral home to see the caskets. At times we did and got into lots of trouble behind it. Now when I tell people I’m in school to become a funeral director the next question is always.. â€Å"Isn’t that depressing?† I always answer with a strong â€Å"No.† We press to focus on being a service to families in their hardest times. Experiencing the life of a funeral director through my family seemed very hectic. Some weeks were very busy. I’ve seen them on phone call after phone call. In and out the funeral home, and even getting up in the middle of the night to pick up new cases. I can also remember the last three months of the year, and the first two months of the years always being very very busy. It never failed. Becoming a funeral director varies from state to state. Each state

Treating Anaphylaxis Essay Example For Students

Treating Anaphylaxis Essay TREATING ANAPHYLAXISIn the emergency setting, anaphylaxis is a dangerous, life threatening condition that must be treated in an aggressive and timely fashion. Anaphylaxis is a condition related to acute allergic reactions. Following the bodys exposure to the offending allergen, there are common systemic reactions. The most serious reactions involve the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, but the gastrointestinal, dermatologic, and genitourinary systems are often involved causing varied symptoms such as urticaria, flushing, angioedema, bronchospasm, hypotension, cardiac arrythmias, nausea, intestinal cramps, pruritus, and finally uterine cramps. (Physician Assistant, 8/94) The above list is by no means exhaustive, specific symptoms vary from person to person. The same person suffering from several anaphylactic reactions can also present with differing symptoms. Physiologically speaking, the two main effects of the bodys released mediators (IgE) during an anaphylactic reaction are smooth muscle contraction and vasodilatation, which cause most of the bodys adverse symptoms. (JAMA, 11/26/82) Since the most life threatening reactions usually involve the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, that is where emergency treatment is focused. In the cardiovascular system, a combination of vasodilatation, increased vascular permeability, tachcycardia, and arrhythmias can lead to severe hypotension. In the respiratory system, the swelling of tissues along with bronchospasm and increased mucus production are the main cause of death. So, if untreated, anaphylaxis can be fatal as a result of the bodys going into what is essentially shock, while simultaneously (and more importantly) being deprived of the oxygen needed to sustain life. As of today there is one universally accepted treatment for acute anaphylaxis. Epinephrine. Epinephrine is both an alpha and a beta agonist. This makes it the drug optimally suited to treat anaphylaxis. Epinephrine will increase vascular resi stance, reduce vascular permeability, produce bronchodilation and increase cardiac output. (Emergency, 10/93) Epinephrine will directly counteract the potentially life threatening aspects of anaphylaxis. Epinephrine can , and is, used in the both the pre-hospital environment as well as in definitive care institutions. Epinephrine is widely administered by ALS providers the world over. The drug is so effective that and relatively simple to use that ?subcutaneous administration of epinephrine by EMT-Bs trained in recognition ? of anaphylaxis? is safe. (Annals of Emergency Medicine, 6/95) Following the administration of epinephrine, antihistamines such as diphenhydramine, hydroxyzine, and promethazine can be administered. These agents block the harmful effects of histamine, a mediator associated with allergic reactions, and while not displacing histamine from receptors, they compete with histamine for receptor cites and therefore block additional histamine from binding. (JEMS, 4/95)Pat ients taking beta adrenergic blocking agents will have limited benefits from the administration of epinephrine (it being a beta agent), as well potentially unopposed alpha adrenergic effects that could result in severe hypertension. (Physician Assistant, 8/94) In such cases norepinepherine and dopamine may be necessary to treat systemic anaphylaxis. Glucagon which increases cAMP, is a bronchodilator, and stimulates cardiac output, can be very useful, even in the presence of beta blockers. (Physician Assistant, 8/94) Inhaled bronchodilators are useful for the treatment of respiratory complications associated with anaphylaxis. There is a wide variety of acceptable agents. Sympathomimetics such as albuterol, and metaproterenol will relax the smooth muscle in the respiratory tract. Anticholinergic agents such as ipratropium bromide can also decrease bronchospasm. Aminophylline, a bronchodilator and diuretic can also increase intracellular cAMP levels, as well as potentiating catecholami nes and stimulating their release; these effects make it a useful tool in dealing with persistent bronchospasm. (Physician Assistant, 8/94)Even though steroids (glucocorticosteroids) have some potentially beneficial effects for the relief of bronchospasm and hypotension, they are not recommended for the treatment of acute anaphylactic symptoms due to the fact that it takes four to six hours for them to be effective. (JAMA, 11/26/82) But, steroids such as methylprednisolone and hydrocortisone, are useful in shortening the duration of, and reducing the severity of prolonged anaphylactic reactions, as well as preventing the recurrence of delayed symptoms. (Physician Assistant, 8/94) The above agents are all widely used to treat anaphylaxis. But there are studies and experiments underway that are looking at alternative, or additional treatments. Naloxone and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) are both being looked at in the possible treatment of anaphylaxis as well as traumatic shock. Naloxone improves cardiovascular function in a variety of animal models of shock caused by?and anaphylaxis. Administration of TRH ?also has pressor effects in these shock models. (Annals of Emergency Medicine, 8/85) TRH has been shown to increase mean arterial pressure during anaphylactic shock. (Annals of Emergency Medicine, 5/89) In animal studies of anaphylaxis the use of TRH, epinephrine, and normal saline were compared. TRH treated rabbits responded slightly better than those treated with epinephrine (the study focused on cardiovascular and respiratory parameters.) (Annals of Emergency Medicine, 5/89)I started this project with the aim of identifying alternative treatments for anaphylaxis. I had mistakenly assumed that there are a host of viable and effective treatment regiments for anaphylactic shock. What I discovered was that as of today, the only universally accepted therapy for acute anaphylaxis is? epinephrine. Due to its alpha and beta adrinergic effects epinephrine is m iraculously suited for anaphylaxis. It almost seems to be a natural antidote, a wonder drug with singular abilities in the treatment of anaphylaxis. .u6f80dfc09107dfeeccf2b70e0dec86bf , .u6f80dfc09107dfeeccf2b70e0dec86bf .postImageUrl , .u6f80dfc09107dfeeccf2b70e0dec86bf .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6f80dfc09107dfeeccf2b70e0dec86bf , .u6f80dfc09107dfeeccf2b70e0dec86bf:hover , .u6f80dfc09107dfeeccf2b70e0dec86bf:visited , .u6f80dfc09107dfeeccf2b70e0dec86bf:active { border:0!important; } .u6f80dfc09107dfeeccf2b70e0dec86bf .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6f80dfc09107dfeeccf2b70e0dec86bf { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6f80dfc09107dfeeccf2b70e0dec86bf:active , .u6f80dfc09107dfeeccf2b70e0dec86bf:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6f80dfc09107dfeeccf2b70e0dec86bf .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6f80dfc09107dfeeccf2b70e0dec86bf .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6f80dfc09107dfeeccf2b70e0dec86bf .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6f80dfc09107dfeeccf2b70e0dec86bf .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6f80dfc09107dfeeccf2b70e0dec86bf:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6f80dfc09107dfeeccf2b70e0dec86bf .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6f80dfc09107dfeeccf2b70e0dec86bf .u6f80dfc09107dfeeccf2b70e0dec86bf-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6f80dfc09107dfeeccf2b70e0dec86bf:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Deforestation Essay We will write a custom essay on Treating Anaphylaxis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now

Compare And Contrast Two 1900 War Poems Essays

Compare And Contrast Two 1900 War Poems Essays Compare And Contrast Two 1900 War Poems Paper Compare And Contrast Two 1900 War Poems Paper Essay Topic: Poetry People write poetry for many reasons. War poetry is written mainly to express feelings. War poems can achieve catharsis and are sometimes written in remembrance. They express deep emotional states such as love, hate, suffering and joy. War can amplify all of these feelings so it is likely that poetry would be written about it. The Charge Of The Light Brigade was written by Alfred Tennyson as a memorial for the brave heroes which died during the battle against the Russians. It is a pro-war poem: Honour the Light Brigade The Battle Of Blenheim is an anti-war poem. The view the poet wants to get across is spoken through the children, Peterkin and Wilhelmine. Why twas a very wicked thing! I think the author made a mistake in choosing the children because children are not respected enough to speak an unpopular view and be taken seriously. If he had chosen a character of higher status then the public would have paid more attention to his opinions. Tennysons poem is very straight forward, using limited vocabulary. Cannon to the right of them, Cannon to the left of them, Cannon in front of them This makes it attractive to the people of the time, most of which would have been poorly educated. It would appeal to more people than Robert Southeys poem. This is because Southeys poem in my opinion, is too well written. It is too clever for the audience to which it is directed at. Southeys poem is much more complex. It uses irony where Old Kasper refers constantly to the great victory when the view the poet is giving is that it was far from great. At first glance it seems a simple poem but after analysis the true meaning of the authors writing comes to light. Certain metaphors projected through grotesque images show the disturbing understated themes of this piece. There is juxtaposition of the incongruous imagery concerning the innocence of the pastoral setting and the grim skull and plough. He came to ask what he had found, That was so large and smooth and round. The above rhyming couplet on its own seems harmless until you realise what Peterkin has found is a skull! The skull is the personification of death. It symbolises the past while the children are visions of the future. The children; the future, are literally digging up the past. Skulls are obvious representations of death while the youthful children holding it shows juxtaposed incongruous images. Children are related to life innocence and goodness. The buried skull is showing the reality of the past has become buried and the lies are unearthed by the goodness of the future. Kasper is intended to be the stereotypical view of adults. He sounds as if he was programmed with what little information he has on the battle. He was unquestioning and when he tries to programme his grandchildren in the same way he dismisses their inquisitive minds in a way which seems patronising even to those so young. The words great victory have become his mantra and it seems this is all he knows about the battle. I find it sad Kasper found no need to form his own opinion of the battle. He is full of so much blind faith which he has learned seemingly by rote from unreliable sources. And often when I go to plough, The ploughshare turns them out! I imagine Old Kasper saying this in such a casual way that you would never dream he was talking about ploughing skulls! The image is highly ironic as ploughing is a way of rebirth and new life while in the piece of poetry they are harvesting death and bodies. The author expresses his view through the children, as mentioned before. The questions the children are made to ask are themed with confusion and perplexity as to why all the terrible happenings associated with the great victory had to occur. A hint to the authors perceptions of the war are shown in the fifth stanza. Wilhelmine asks: Now tell us all about the war, And what they fought each other for. I believe asking why the two sides fought each other is quite a sophisticated question to ask and this is what makes me assume it is the poets own questions showing through. The Charge Of The Light Brigade is written to make the best of a bad situation. It boosts morale by portraying the six hundred as gallant and heroic. Boldly they rode, and well The tragic truth of the matter had been glorified to try and disguise it and make it easier for the public to come to terms with. That is what the poetry was written for, to influence the opinion of the general public. Alfred Tennyson is said to have written this poem quickly in response to a report he read. Certain factors make it obvious to me it was written in short time. When comparing it to The Battle Of Blenheim you can see whilst they both use writing techniques they are very different. Tennysons simple, accessible vocabulary; alliteration; repetition and use of rhetorical questioning gives his poem a punchy feel and an edge over Southeys unspecific; complex; well concealed; slow moving piece of poetry. In The Battle Of Blenheim Peterkin and Wilhelmine question Kasper about the great victory. The questions all remain unanswered by the end of the poem. They are left unanswered because Old Kasper does not know the answers. It is aimed to make you ask the same questions yourself. In The Charge Of The Light Brigade the questions use rhetoric. When can their glory fade? It is intended to include the reader. It makes the positive stand out. You are not supposed to think about the answer to the question. Yours should be the same as the authors. Tennysons poem is full of kinetic energy. As it is set in a battlefield it is very active. In comparison, Southeys poem is absolutely static. The tale does not leave the cottage door and field. The Charge Of The Light Brigade is more action packed. To close I would like to summarise that Tennysons poem was written to boost the morale of the country. For that reason it is an unreliable narrative. It was not written from the heart as he was telling people what they wanted to hear. Southeys poem is more true to his own feelings. I respect this poem more as it was not a popular view of war at the time but he stood up for what he believed in which was peace. Southeys undervalued, slight way of projecting his viewpoint may not have earned him as much money as Tennysons exaggerated style but it was genuine which has earned him the respect he deserves from some if not many.

Shortage of Nurses in the United States Research Paper

Shortage of Nurses in the United States - Research Paper Example Shortage of Nurses in the United States It is evident that the U.S. faces and is still facing a looming shortage of registered nurses within its healthcare centers. However, more effort needs to be established, especially by the government to ensure this problem ceases. Inside medical facilities such as nursing homes, rehabilitation facilities and schools among others, they play vital roles that ensures smooth daily running of such facilities. Failure to provide their services would lead to unimaginable adversity. For any medical facility to prevail, therefore, it is necessary that there be nurses, more than enough to carry out efficiently the duties delegated upon them. Despite the importance of nurses in medical facilities, the U.S healthcare facilities are facing a scarcity of nurses. The shortage level is on the rise annually and both long term and short-term solutions need to be addressed. This paper seeks to explore the existing shortage of nurses in the U.S. It analyses causes of such effects, then concludes by givi ng a summary of the research and the recommendations that might help solve the problem. Background In the 19th century when nursing was in its early stages in the US, icons like Florence Nightingale facilitated the nursing movement to help alleviate the serious deficiency of nurses that threatened healthcare staff and patients. The deficiency is still present to date, as can be witnessed in the past ten years where several U.S. healthcare facilities are facing acute shortage of nurses, a clear indication that the output of nurses is not meeting demand from the growing population. The shortage situation Although healthcare facilities in the U.S. are facing a deficiency of nurses, a situation that can compromise the quality of services offered in these facilities, many students are being denied admission into nursing schools. The resultant deficit has attracted the White House and political elite’s attention as the need to import foreign staff intensifies. Lois Capps, a Democra t U.S. Representative and a former nurse was quoted saying, â€Å"Nurses deliver healthcare† and that there cannot be meaningful healthcare with the deficit of nurses. The American Association of College of Nursing issued a report that 116,000 positions of registered nurses in U.S. healthcare facilities are vacant while 100,000 jobs remain unoccupied in nursing homes. The deficiency is anticipated to deteriorate, as the numbers of the elderly is on the rise hence need for more nurses. According to Robert Wood, a staff at the Association, "The nursing shortage is not driven by a lack of interest in nursing careers. In 2008, over 50,000 competent applicants were denied admission into nursing programs, including 6000 who applied for postgraduate of doctorate levels (Dunham, 2009, p.3). In ‘The Future of Nursing’ released in 2010, the Institute of Medicine called for an increment of baccalaureate-prepared nurses and nurses with doctorate degrees as the current levels of this staff stands at 50% instead of over 80%. The Health Resources and Services Administration in April 2006 projected that the deficiency of nurses nationwide would increase by 2020 to over a million nurses. In the report, ‘What is Behind HRSA’s Projected Supply, Demand and Shortage of Registered Nurses?’ all states in the U.S. will witness the deficiency. Currently, over 30 states are facing a shortage, as there are no nurses to fill in the positions. In a statement published by Journal of the American Medical Association in November 26, 2008, Dr. Peter Buerhaus, a professor of nursing was quoted saying

Iatrogenics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Iatrogenics - Research Paper Example The term Iatrogenic is defined as â€Å"induced in patient by physician’s actions, manner and therapy†. This term is specifically used to describe complications or adverse effects medical advice or treatment. Similarly, a pathological variation leading to detrimental consequences in a patient’s health caused by inappropriate practice of health care professionals is regarded as iatrogenic condition. According to WHO, iatrogenic disease may be defined as adverse drug reactions or complications induced by non drug medical interventions. Darchy et al., (1998) defined it, as a disease stimulated by drug prescribed by the doctor after a medical or surgical procedure. Health care associated or hospital acquired infections are a global problem. Iatrogenic frequently leads to severe complications and may require increased use of health care resources and medication, laboratory testing and prolonged duration of hospitalization. Health care personnel targets disease or risk factors for a future ailments by examining, diagnosing and prescribing a procedure for therapy. Most often, the objective of the caregiver is to prevent an ailment however, most of the effective therapies have side effects. Therefore, a dispute remains whether the benefits outweigh the harm. Initially, the focal point of iatrogenic infections is actions or inactions in terms of services of health care professionals such as physicians, pharmacists, therapists, nurses, psychologist etc. Also, the service environment of a hospital may be basis of iatrogenic (White, MA and Kleber, 2008). The estimated deaths caused by iatrogenic illness are 250,000 that make it third largest causes of deaths in U.S. (White, MA and Kleber, 2008). It costs about 6 billion pounds each year in United Kingdom for compensation (one tenth of NHS budget). History: Word iatrogenic is derived from â€Å"Iatros† a Greek word meaning brought forth by healer. Iatrogenic history can be traced back to 1800 s, when prior to implementation of aseptic techniques (hand washing and use of sterile gloves) thousands of women died due to puerperal fever; an infectious disease that was transferred between patients following delivery. Likewise, many soldiers that were injured in civil war died due to infections caused by health care personal in hospital tents. Later in 1847, Dr. Ignaz Semmelweis introduced the concept of hand washing prior to patient handling which dramatically dropped the rate of infections caused by physicians. In modern medical times, in the presence of several aseptic techniques the incidence of infection caused by health care professionals is considerably reduced however, still it is regarded as a major issue in medical science (Cina and Perper, 2010). Presentations: Iatrogenic harm caused from errors in diagnosis can be broadly divided into three types: false positive results (diagnosing a disease/disorder in a individual who does not have one), false negatives (mis-diagnosi ng a disease/disorder in an individual or misjudging the severity of a disease/disorder) and failure to respond and execute to a long term treatment or recovery in a disease. It is a result of procedures or therapeutic treatments or diagnostic examinations. Most of the iatrogenic conditions become clinically evident during the hospital stay however, the infections caused

Personal creative coursework Essay Example for Free

Personal creative coursework Essay School has just finished and it is a dark and murky winter day, people were walking down the school hill having just had a chaotic day, as a result everyone was jus quiet. You could hear the sounds of the squirrels scuttling along the grass. Richard ran down the hill calling my name, he came up to me and called me an idiot in a joking way for not waiting for him. Richard is one of my good friends and when he is around he lets you know. He was well known in school by the teachers for his famous pranks. After we got down the hill we went to the sweet shop, Richard shared a joke or two with the shop owner then told me he was going to the chip shop and he would meet me at the train station later.(Richard is a chubby boy and gets wound up when people talk about his weight).  I was walking to the train station and checked the time, I saw that we were going to be late so I started to run .I saw Richard and told him to hurry up as usual he was eating. He started to run and as I looked around I saw people from my school with a look of shock on their face they have never seen him run before. We ran inside the train station then got on the train, the first thing I noticed was the smell of sweat, I saw Hugo and Thomas from my school and we all sat next to each other. We were talking and all of a sudden Hugo started shouting insults at Richard. Richard stood up and his faced looked like an oversized balloon .I could tell he was mad because his sentences were not coming out fully. I was thinking that the only reason that he stood up was because we were in front of people. (Richard is that kind of person he likes to make himself look big in front of an audience). Before I knew it we came to selhurst station and we exited the train. Thing first thing I saw was a boy stupidly sitting on the platform, I saw a train coming and I expected the boy to get up but he didnt. It was one of those fast trains that dont stop at any Station except for major stations like Gatwick. The train past the station and then the boy started to scream in agony. Richard looked at the boy and then started to laugh. (He never really took anything seriously).he looked again and then saw that the boy was not faking. Hugo stood there like a statue and I had noticed that Thomas had left the scenery. The boys right leg had been severed by the train and people just looked at him and decided to walk along like they had not seen anything. He was still lying there in pain as I looked at him I felt a cold shivers running down my spinal cord-I had never seen anything like it. Me Richard and Hugo then ran to the ticket office a told a man there that a boys leg had been severed by the train they called an ambulance then we left the station. The next day we went to school I had noticed that Richards attitude had change towards people I think the train experience has changed him.

Karl Marxs The Communist Manifesto Essay -- Communist Manifesto Essays

Karl Marx's The Communist Manifesto The Communist Manifesto written by Karl Marx explains the history of all societies as the history of class conflicts, he claims that the power and direction of all societies is determined by the modes of production, as such when the mode of production no longer suits the relations of society there is a revolution. He predicts that a revolution is coming between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie, and calls its coming inevitable. Marx argues that the bourgeoisies are no longer fit to rule, nor is their rule sustainable, as such the proletariat will overthrow them and end all class antagonisms with the creation of a classless society. However, Marx does not give enough credit to nationalism, nor does he ascribe to the possibility of compromise between the classes. Due to this he predicts a class war which never, and might never, take place. The first section of the Communist Manifesto describes the history of all society as the history of class conflicts. Claiming, that every society is essentially divided into, the oppressors and the oppressed. Furthermore, Marx adds, in the past, societies were organized in more complex combinations and hierarchies, but modern society is being split into two ‘hostile camps’. There has always been a continuous conflict between the different classes; the end result of these conflicts is always, either the total suppression of the oppressed classes, or a revolution, which leads to an overhaul of society. He blames the cause for the separation of modern society into only two groups, on the fall of feudalism. These new class antagonisms are between the proletariat, and the bourgeoisie. Marx views the rise of the bourgeoisie in Europe as the result of a couple of factors; firstly, he believes that, the initial elements of the bourgeoisie, were developed by the chartered burghers who evolved from the serfs of the medieval ages. Next, following the great colonization of the 16th and 17th centuries the market expanded, leading to a great need for increased production. This great demand could not be sufficed by the feudal guilds, as such they were replaced with manufacturing. However, the markets and the demand kept increasing and the manufacturing system could no longer keep up, as such it also was replaced, by Modern Industry. The Industrial Revolution of the late 18th century and th... ... the revolutionary parties. These sorts of compromises happened, and different socialist parties left behind the ideas of radical revolution and instead pursued gradual improvement through unions and parliament. Thus the previously constant decrease in workers state did not continue, rather the workers started getting more rights, for example universal male suffrage. Also they fought for, and won, social and economic improvements, for example more employment stability, higher wages and laws such as the Ten Hour Act of 1847 and the Factory Act of 1833. Such reformations, the increase in the power of Unions and the ability of the workers to vote led to sustainable compromises between the classes, as such no class war took place. Marx’s description of European society as driven by economics and divided by class lines is correct. However he fails to see the great influence of nationalism and he does not entertain the idea of compromise between the classes, because of this he wrongly predicts the destruction of the capitalist system and the bourgeoisies by the proletariat. Works Cited: McLellan, David. Karl Marx: Selected Writings (Oxford, NY: Oxford University Press, 1977)

Investigating the Factors Affecting Tensile Strength of Human Hair Essay

Hypothesis There will be a difference in tensile strength in blonde hair and black hair of similar thickness. Blonde hair will have a higher tensile strength than black hair when at similar thickness. Blonde hair has more sulphur-sulphur covalent bonds than black hair. Hair contains the protein keratin, which contains a large proportion of cysteine with S-S bonds. The disulphide bond is one of the strongest bonds known anywhere in nature. The cross-linking by disulphide linkages between the keratin chains accounts for much of the strength of hair. Blonde hair has more of these bonds therefore blonde hair will have a higher tensile strength and elasticity levels. Null Hypothesis There will be no difference in tensile strength between black hair and blonde hair of similar thickness. Blonde hair having more sulphide bridges will not mean that blonde hair has a higher tensile strength than black hair. Background Knowledge Hair has a very high tensile strength. It can hold up 60kg of weight before breaking. This high strength is due to its structure. Hair is made of the fibrous protein keratin. Figure 1 shows keratin molecules are made up of three helices. They are held together by strong covalent bonds called sulphur bonds. Eleven of these molecules group together to form a micro fibril. Then, hundreds of micro fibrils join together to form a single hair. Hair is made of cells called epithelial cells which are arranged in three layers. The inner most layer is the medulla, the middle layer is the cortex and the out layer is the cuticle. The medulla is mainly soft keratin and the cortex and cuticle are mainly hard keratin. This structure has great strength. The cuticle, the outermost layer, is where you find a lot of the protein keratin. The cortex is the thickest middle layer, providing strength and defining colour of hair. The cortex also gives the hair its elasticity and flexibility. The medulla, central core, gives hair its strength and breadth. The structure of keratin is maintained by numerous sulphur to sulphur covalent bonds. Keratin contains high concentrations of the amino acid cysteine. Every Cystine unit contains two cysteine amino acids in different chains which have come to lie near to each other and are linked together by two Sulphur atoms, forming a very strong chemical bond known as a disulphide bridge. Many disulphide bonds form down the length of the keratin chains, joining them together like the rungs of a ladder. The disulphide bond is one of the strongest bonds known anywhere in nature. This cross-linking by disulphide linkages between the keratin chains accounts for much of the strength of hair. A suitable amount of Sulphur Bridge is important in enhancing the elasticity of hair due to the strength of the disulphide bond. Within each hair bonds of a different kind, called hydrogen bonds also link the keratin chains. There are far more hydrogen bonds than disulphide linkages. The hydrogen bonds are much weaker than the disulphide linkages and more easily broken, and give hair its flexibility. Hydrogen bonds are broken apart when the hair is wetted, and form again when the hair dries. Hair used for the investigation must not be ‘damaged’ in any way, i.e; should not be dyed/coloured, permed, straightened, etc. The hair also must not be curly. I will be only looking at naturally straight hair for this investigation. Permed and dyed hair cause severe damage to hair by reducing and breaking disulphide bonds between protein amino acids (which keep the hair strong) and they change the chemistry of hair by altering the protein rich internal structure of the fibre. In perming, a mild reducing agent is used to break the sulphur bonds. The helices are unwound and the hair is styled. A gentle oxidising agent (usually hydrogen peroxide) is treated to the hair to make the sulphur bonds reform. This results in a ‘permanent wave’. (Figure 3 shows the breaking and reforming of sulphur-sulphur bridges can produce permanent changes in the shape of protein molecules). Permed hair has only 90% of the original disulphide bonds, which leaves hair weaker than before it was permed. Heat (like from hair straighteners) disrupts the structural bonds (particularly weak Hydrogen bonds) enough to give hairs wounded around a roller some temporary curly aspect. However, this effect can be easily abolished by an increase in humidity or contact with water. Longer lasting permanents use chemicals such as thioglycolic acid to disrupt the disulphide bonds. Hairs to be tested with should not have their disulphide bonds damaged/broken or our hypothesis will become invalid even before the investigation takes place. Variables To Control†¦(keep the same) To investigate†¦(measuring/changing) Hair MUST NOT be: Tensile Strength (masses applied on hair) co loured/dyed Thickness of hair/colour of hair straightened (by applying heat) permed (by applying heat) curly (naturally) from the same person Hair MUST be: black or blonde straight (naturally) from the same age group Equipment 2 X Clamp stand – to hold everything upright 2 X Clamp – to hold paperclip/hair and ruler 100cm ruler – to measure how far hair stretches before it breaks (tensile strength) 2 X paperclip – to hold hair and mass 10kg masses with holder – to put tension on hair Selotape – to hold loop of hair in paperclip 15 pieces of black hair – to compare 15 pieces of blonde hair – to compare Micrometer – to measure hair thickness Method 1. I will first take five pieces of hair randomly from six different people. Three of these people should have black hair and three should have blonde hair. My total numbers of hair should be fifteen black and fifteen blonde. Hair samples should be taken from six different people to make sure that a fair and accurate test takes place. For example if all fifteen black hairs were taken from the same person, it could just mean that that person had thicker hair than normal thickness of black hair. This would make my results invalid. I will take all hairs from the same age group (my age group, 17-18), to erase the ‘age of hair follicle’ variable when comparing its tensile strength. 2. I will set up the micrometer to measure each hair thickness by placing hair under lens and measuring its thickness using a shown scale. I will record each thickness in an appropriate table. 3. I will place a black hair and a blonde hair of similar thickness side by side. This will be done to compare tensile strength of hairs of similar thickness. 4. Equipment will be set up as shown in Figure 5, (below) to start investigation. The hair will be carefully put in. The meter rule should be touching the bottom of the clamp stand with 0cm at the top and 100cm at the bottom. I need to make sure the hair can not slip out of the paperclip from the bottom or the top. Everything must be secure. The length of the loop of hair formed should be similar as with all hairs being tested. The weight should not be added until the rest of the equipment has been set up accurately. 5. Once the hair is set up in with the equipment, I will measure how far down the hair is on the meter rule. (Look at Figure 4, for assistance). I will record this reading in a table similar to Table 1. 6. A mass of 10kg will be placed on the paperclip at the bottom only after first measurements have been taken. 7. I will add the masses slowly so when the hair breaks I have a better view of the length of the hair. 8. When I see the hair break I will record its maximum length in my table and the weight in kg applied on hair at that point, when it reached its maximum elasticity. 9. I will repeat this whole process for all the blonde hairs and the black hairs. I will do the hairs of similar thickness after one another. For example; a blonde hair of thickness x would be measured first than a black hair of thickness x would be measured. There will be six people in my group including me. Each person will test five hairs each. Hair B1 B1 B2 B2 B B B B no. length bfr W app length bfr breaking length stretched bfr breaking max W app bfr breaking (cm) (cm) (cm) 2 minus 1 (kg) 1 2 Statistical Test I will use the t-test because I am looking for a difference of tensile strength in black and blonde hair. I will be using actual measurements (e.g. weights), and will have a large data set (30 pairs of data). I am comparing two sets of data. Investigating the factors affecting tensile strength of human hair Implementing: (Skill B) Modifications * Four different colours of hair need to be used; to increase range of results and to make my conclusion more reliable. Ginger, Blonde, Black and Brown hairs will be used. * 30 strands of hair will be used for each colour. 5 hairs from 6 people for each colour will be taken. * An eyepiece graticule will be used to measure hair thickness. Similar thickness of hairs will be compared. * Girls’ hair will be used. There are two reasons for this: a) Girls have longer hair b) Hormones may affect hair strength. Girls and boys may have different hormones. * There should be a 10cm (100 mm) gap between each paperclip. (Figure 5). * A 10g weight must be used each time. * I will need to modify my Hypothesis and Null Hypothesis because instead of comparing just two colours of hair I am now comparing four different colours of hair. Hypothesis There will be a difference in tensile strength between brown, blond, ginger and black hairs of similar thickness. Blonde hair (lighter coloured hairs) has more sulphur-sulphur covalent bonds than black hair (dark coloured hairs). Hair contains the protein keratin, which contains a large proportion of cysteine with S-S bonds. The disulphide bond is one of the strongest bonds known anywhere in nature. The cross-linking by disulphide linkages between the keratin chains accounts for much of the strength of hair. Lighter coloured hair has more of these bonds therefore lighter coloured hair will have a higher tensile strength and elasticity levels. Null Hypothesis There will be no difference in tensile strength between brown, blonde, ginger and black hair of similar thickness. Lighter coloured hairs having more sulphide bridges will not mean that lighter coloured hairs have a higher tensile strength then dark coloured hair. * Now that I am not comparing just two sets of data I can no longer do the T-Test. I am comparing four sets of data. My data will be categorical. There is a simple statistical test which looks at the difference between observed and expected values and relates them to a probability level, thus making it possible to identify how likely it is that the values are significantly different. This test is called the Chi squared test. Precautions to ensure reliability * We are assuming ethnic background does not affect our results. It will not cause a massive variation in our conclusion. * All hair samples must be taken from 16-18 year old females. * 6 different samples must be taken for each colour of hair. * Make sure all equipment is set up; ensuring the strand of hair is fastened to the shown equipment correctly. (Figure 5). * Each hair is tested five times, so I am repeating the experiment, to make my results reliable and more accurate. Results (My own (raw data) results will be highlighted in dark red on tables 2, 3, 4 & 5). (The letter ‘B’ is used in my results to show where the hair broke). Investigating the factors affecting tensile strength of human hair Analysing: (Skill C) Calculations Strength is determined by the amount of stress a hair can withstand without breaking. To work out the strength of each hair I calculated the stress applied to each when breaking. To do all the calculations I used the following formulas: 1. Force (N) = Mass (g) X 0.001 X 9.8 E.g. 10 x 0.001 x 9.8 = Force (N) Force = 0.098N 2. Cross Sectional Area (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½m2) = ?r2 E.g. 3.14 x 26 x 26 = Cross Sectional Area (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½m2) Cross Sectional Area = 2122.64à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½m2 3. Stress (Nm-2) = Force (N) / (Cross Sectional Area (à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½m2)/1000000) E.g. 0.098 / (2122.64/1000000) = Stress Stress = 46.16892172 (Nm-2) 4. Strain = Extension (mm) / Original Length (mm) E.g. 32 / 100 = Strain Strain = 0.32 The tables on pages 14 to 36 show how I calculated my values to do the statistical test. Discussion Melanin molecules are proteins, which are produced at the root of each hair. The more melanin in your hair, the darker it will get. An amino acid called tyrosine is converted into melanin so the hair will have colour. First, the body’s blood vessels carry tyrosine to the bottom of each hair follicle. Then, in this ‘melanin factory’ tyrosine is used as the raw material for the production of the natural melanin that is the colour in hair. In short, natural hair colour depends upon the presence, amount and distribution of melanin, a natural pigment found in the cortex. All natural hair colours are created from two types of melanin. Eumelanin = black pigment Pheomelanin = red/yellow pigment Mixed melanin’s = when both eumelanin and pheomelanin mix together inside one melanin granule. The natural colour of the hair is decided by: a) What type of melanin is in the hair b) How much melanin is in the hair c) How closely packed or scattered the melanin is within the cortex. The type of melanin and the size of the granules determine whether hair will be brown, blonde, ginger or black. The amount of melanin and its distribution determine how dark or light the hair colour will be. Black hair is created from granules full of eumelanin densely packed in the hair’s cortex. Brown hair, depending on its cool or warm tones and its darkness or lightness, is created either from granules filled with eumelanin and more sparsely distributed along the cortex than those of black hair, or granules filled with a blend of mixed melanin’s. The red/yellow pheomelanin is believed to cause the warm, golden, or auburn tones found in most brown hair. Blonde hair has a very low melanin content. And while scientists have not yet determined which is dominant, it is believed that eumelanin creates blonde hair. Melanin in blonde hair is so sparse that what we actually see is the colour of the hair fibre itself, keratin, which is a pale yellow, off-white shade. Granules filled with pheomelanin create Ginger hair. The pheomelanin in ginger hair is less densely packed in its granules. Its shape is somewhat more irregular than its black counterpart, eumelanin. It is slightly rounder and more spread out. From my results I found out that brown hair needed the greatest amount of force to break. Blonde hair needed the least amount of force to break. Black hair was second strongest and ginger hair was third strongest. The order of strength (from my results) of hair is as follows: Brown, Black, Ginger, and then Blonde. Brown hair stretched the most before breaking. Blonde hair stretched the least before breaking. Black hair stretched the second furthest and ginger hair stretched the third furthest. The order of length of hair stretched (from my results) before breaking is as follows: Brown, Black, Ginger, and then Blonde. Brown hair experienced the highest strain before breaking and blonde hair experienced the lowest strain before breaking. The order of strain experienced by hair (from my results) before breaking is as follows: Brown, Black, Ginger, and then Blonde. Brown hair experienced the highest tensile stress value before breaking and blonde experienced the lowest tensile stress value before breaking. The order of tensile stress experienced by hair (from my results) before breaking is as follows: Brown, Ginger, Black, and then Blonde. Graph 1 shows the average force required to break the four colours of hair. From this graph I can see that brown hair required the greatest force to break. Black hair also required a large amount of force to break and so did ginger hair. Black hair only required a small amount of more force to break then ginger hair. The breaking force required for brown, black and ginger hair was quite similar. Blonde hair required much less force to break compared to the other colours of hair. This proves that the disulphide bonds in the blonde hair are not a big advantage for strength of the hair. The darker the hair the stronger the force required for the bonds in the hair to break. The darker the hair the more resistant it is to breaking when forces are applied. The darker the hair the higher concentrations of melanin present along the hair cortex. The same sort of pattern is seen in graphs 2, 3, 4 and 5. Graphs 2, 3, 4 and 5 show the extension of hair when masses are added. Blonde hair breaks the earliest and brown hair breaks the latest. Graph 2 shows brown hair. Brown hair requires about 120g to extend up to about 70mm before breaking. The graph follows a basic trend and there are no anomalous results. All results fit the line of best fit. Graph 3 shows blonde hair. Blonde hair requires about 80g to extend up to about 35mm before breaking. The graph follows the basic trend and most results fit the line of best fit. There is one anomaly, though. The extension should not increase and then decrease. It should keep on decreasing. There must have been an error in recording this result. The results in graphs 2, 3, 4 and 5 are all averages. To work out the blonde values in table 32, the results in tables 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 and 17 were used. There was only one value for the extension at 80g, in table 15. This value was smaller than the average of all the extensions in all six tables. This sample of hair should have broken at 80g not 90g. This did not happen. This may have been an error in not measuring correctly. Graph 4 shows ginger hair. Ginger hair requires about 100g to extend up to about 60mm before breaking. The graph follows the basic trend until it gets to 55g point. From this point onwards the hair length increases and decreases dramatically. This should not happen. The reason why this happens is described above with the blonde hair. It is an error in measuring. Graph 5 shows black hair. Black hair requires about 140g to extend up to about 65mm before breaking. This graph is perfect. There are no anomalies. All points meet the line of best fit accurately. Graph 6 shows the average stresses and strains experienced by each hair colour. All four hair colours are plotted on the same graph so they can be easily compared against each other. Brown, blonde and ginger hairs do not follow the normal trend. The stresses and strains for these three should continue to increase. Tables 57, 58, 59 and 60 show where the stress and strain values came form. The results are like this because when the stress and strain values were calculated the average extensions were used, which had a few faults, as describe above. Graphs 7, 8, 9 and 10 show clearly what is happening to the stress-strain curves. Graph 7 shows one anomalous result. It has a high stress and strain value. Graph 8 also shows only one anomalous result. These two graphs show the basic trend. Graph 9 shows the normal trend until the stress value gets to 150Nm-2. Then it decreases and goes back on itself. This should not happen. The reason for this is explained above. There is an error in the extension averages. Graph 10 shows no anomalies. Graphs 11, 12, 13 and 14 show modified values for stress and strain in all colours of hair. Graph 11 shows the modified stresses and strains for brown hair. This graph does not bend backwards and the stress and strain values do not decrease. Graph 12 shows the modified stresses and strains for blonde hair. This graph does not show values of stress and strain decreasing. Graph 13 shows the modified stresses and strains for ginger hair. This graph has changed a lot. It reads much clearer. Stress and strain increases throughout. This is exactly what the graph should look like. Graph 14 is the same as graph 10. It did not need any modifications. The toughness of a hair is measured of its resistance to break. A lot of energy is required to break a tough material. Finally, the strength of a material (or ‘tensile strength’) is the greatest tensile stress it can undergo before breaking. Hair is an elastic material; it can stretch to a certain maximum point (elastic point) before breaking. The largest tensile stress that can be applied to a material before it breaks is known as its ultimate tensile stress (UTS). This value is sometimes referred to as the materials breaking stress. Graph 7 shows the stress-strain points for brown hair. Graph 11 shows a modified version of this. The UTS for brown hair is 359.03. Graph 8 shows stress-strain points for blonde hair. Graph 12 shows a modified version of this. The UTS for blonde hair is 125.48. Graph 9 shows the stress-strain for ginger hair. Graph 13 shows a modified version of this. The UTS for ginger hair is 286.58. Graph 10 shows the stress-strain points for black hair. Graph 14 shows a modified version of this. The UTS for black hair is 158.31. Overall I can see that brown hair was the strongest. This was not expected. I expected black hair to have the highest tensile strength, as it had a higher density of melanin along the cortex. Blonde hair turned out to be the one with the lowest tensile stress. Ginger haired people have a high density of the pheomelanin pigments in their hair fibre. Those who produce virtually no eumelanin have a red to orange colour depending on the density of the pigment in the hair fibre. Red haired people who have a greater relative proportion of eumelanin production have a deeper red to red brown colour. Ginger hair also should have a high tensile strength. This is what I saw in my results. Black hair should also have a high tensile strength. My results showed black hair to have high tensile strength but not the highest. There are other ways in which hair tensile strength could have been measured. Hair products like shampoos have an effect on hair tensile strength. They are now designed to change hair strengths. Different makes of hair shampoos could be used. Strength could be measured in a similar way to how I measured it. A control will be also be needed, with hair with no products added. These modifications in Graphs 11, 12, 13 and 14 show what the stress strain graphs should look like. In Graphs 7, 8, 9 and 10 the lines should not bend backwards. Statistical Test I will be using the (Chi squared test) X2. The formula for the Chi squared test is as follows: X2 = ? [(O – E) 2 /E] O = Observed value E = Expected value The ((O – E) 2) part of the formula considers the size of the difference between the observed and expected values. This difference could be either positive or negative. To avoid the mathematical problems associated with negative values, the difference is squared. The (E) part of the formula relates the size of the difference to the magnitude of the numbers involved. The sigma (?) ‘sum’ symbol is required because there is not just one pair of observed and expected values, but several (in this case four). By taking all the observed values of stress from tables 57, 58, 59 and 60, I can work out the expected value for each hair colour. I can then place these values in a table and work out the value for X2, using the chi squared formula. E = ( OBrown + OBlonde + OGinger + OBlack ) / 4 E = ( 297.3 + 121.5 + 246.7 + 158.3 ) / 4 E = 205.95 Brown Blonde Ginger Black O 297.3 121.5 246.7 158.3 E 205.95 205.95 205.95 205.95 ( O – E ) 91.35 -84.45 40.75 -47.65 ( O – E ) 2 8345 7132 1661 2271 (( O – E ) 2) / E 40.519 34.629 8.063 11.025 X2 = 40.519 + 34.629 + 8.063 + 11.025 X2 = 94.235 To calculate the degrees of freedom to be used can be found as follows: * Number of categories minus 1. In this case: 4 – 1 = 3 The critical value (taken from critical values for the Chi squared test) at 3 degrees of freedom is 7.81 (at the 5% level). The test statistic (X2 = 94.235) is greater than the critical value (C.V = 7.81, at the 5% significance level). We therefore can reject the null hypothesis and state there is a significant difference between the observed a Investigating the factors affecting tensile strength of human hair Evaluating: (Skill D) Limitations * The selotape holding hairs in the paperclip at the top and at the bottom could have interfered with the tertiary structure of the protein, keratin. This could have increased or decreased the bond attractions in the hair to cause the hair to have a high or low tensile stress. This would make my results unreliable. The hairs showing higher tensile stress may just be showing how sticky the selotape is and how strongly it is holding the hair structure together. This though, would affect all my results, as all hair samples had selotape on them to hold them together at the top and at the bottom. So, this limitation would affect all hairs making it a very weak limitation. My conclusion will not be affected as this limitation affects all hairs. * The time in between weights were added is another limitation. When each weight was added the hair stretched. But when there were a lot of weights on hair, the hair stretched quickly and then the length was measured. After I finished measuring the hair had slowly stretched a little bit more. So the measurement was wrong. When the next weight was added extra extension was added onto the new extension. My results were affected by this because some extensions were false making some data imprecise. Therefore, my conclusion will be invalid, because some hair samples could have broken at lower weights if I had waited for the hair to stretch, very slowly until it broke. There needed to be a time limit in which I had to record the extension of the hair, before adding the next weight to the hair. * The eye piece graticule can be a limiting factor. Different people measured hair thickness and recorded it to what they felt the thickness ought to be according to the scale. It was not very clear to see how thick the hair was, as the hair was faded under the microscope at all magnifications and the outline was difficult to see. This could affect my results as the thickness of hairs was used to calculate the cross sectional area of the hairs, which was then used to calculate the tensile stress experienced by the hair. This could make my tensile stress values incorrect. My conclusion therefore could be affected; by making out that a certain coloured hair had a higher tensile stress than another coloured hair, when really it shouldn’t have. This would make my conclusion unreliable. * There were different shades of hair colour, for example, there were light brown hair colours and dark brown hair colours. It was sometimes hard to distinguish between brown and blonde. This was the same for blonde hair. This would have an affect on the reliability and precision of my results making the accuracy of the strengths of different colours of colours of hair inaccurate. There should have been a certain shade of colour of hair (same amount of melanin in each brown hair) used for each colour sample. My conclusion will be imprecise because brown or blonde hair shades could cause incorrect results and make my conclusion incorrect. * The 10g mass is a limitation as the hair could break at lower masses than they actually did, for example a hair that broke at 50g could have broken at 41g, but I wouldn’t know that as I only used 10g masses. So, I got false readings implying the hair is stronger than it actually is. If smaller masses were used my results would be much more accurate to make my conclusion reliable. This limitation could cause my conclusion to be invalid, causing the hairs strength and point on breaking higher or lower than it actually is. Conclusion After doing my statistical test I can reject my null hypothesis and accept my hypothesis and say that brown, blonde, ginger and black hairs differ in tensile strength. I have proved this difference in my calculations, mainly in graphs 1 and 6. From my results I can see that darker coloured has a higher tensile stress compared to lighter coloured hairs. In my hypothesis I said that lighter coloured hair would have a higher tensile strength than darker coloured hair, due to lighter coloured hair having sulphur-sulphide bonds, which are very strong. I have disproved this. Through testing all four colours of hair I can see that these strong sulphur bonds do not reflect any tensile strength qualities. Lighter coloured hair does not have an advantage over dark coloured hair when it comes to tensile strength. It mainly depends on the type of melanin the hair contains. The denser the melanin quantity is the stronger the hair.

Transformation in Flying with the Eagle, Racing the Great...

In the novel Flying With The Eagle, Racing The Great Bear, a popular myth embedded within is called Racing The Great Bear. In this story there was a man named Swift Runner who was looked down upon in his village but he felt he was better then how he was viewed. Through several different processes he went through many life-endangering elements to physically and emotionally mature. Myths are traditions of stories that are interpreted many ways. Some myths are used to make sense of the world or anemology. Some myths tell a story of sociological lessons. And some myths tell psychological lessons towards the reader rather than the character itself. Whichever the myth, â€Å"A myth is an image through words in which we try to make a sense of the world,† (Alan Watts). Myths are shown as symbolic tales of the distant past that are passed down from generation to generation. One particular way to look at mythology and the study of myths is through Joseph Campbell’s theory of a m onomyth, or the basic pattern throughout all myths around the world. This pattern Joseph Campbell describes, he conveys to happen in all classic myths, which he in turn calls, the hero’s journey. The hero’s journey is a series of stages or a cycle that occurs in three phases and results in transformation and a discovery of self-knowledge. Within the hero’s journey comes personal development, or a reflection of the changes that occurred with the journey now taken. Within my story, Flying with the Eagle, Racing theShow MoreRelatedCase Studies67624 Words   |  271 Pagespreponderance of the final production cost is tied up in these input items, many producers have vertically integrated backwards by acquiring ore and coal/coke mining firms and transportation networks (rail and barge). The supply factors of production (transformation factors) are labour to operate plants, capital facilities and land. Recent modernisation has significantly substituted technology for labour in steel production. Minimills are a significant force of change in the industry, as their supplier andRead More65 Successful Harvard Business School Application Essays 2nd Edition 147256 Words   |  190 Pagesat Harvard Business SchooL We encourage you to bear in mind that your profession is not what makes the essay special. What makes you special is how you make the big (or small) decisions in life and how they have led to your growth. The only common strain in the successful essaysis that applicants have clearly xi Introduction described why each experience is challenging, educational, and transformationaL We hope this book motivates you to write great essays by revealing who you really are. Be captivatingRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words   |  702 Pagesdiscussions, and even debates. In the gentle environment of the classroom, students can hone their analytical skills and also their persuasive skills—not selling products but selling their ideas—and defend them against critical scrutiny. This is great practice for the arena of business to come. NEW TO THIS EDITION In contrast to the early editions, which examined only notable mistakes, and based on your favorable comments about recent editions, I have again included some well-known successesRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pages 18 Career p aths Modern Project Management What Is a Project? The Importance of Project Management Project Management Today—An Integrative Approach Summary Text Overview 2 All of mankind’s greatest accomplishments—from building the great pyramids to discovering a cure for polio to putting a man on the moon—began as a project. This is a good time to be reading a book about project management. Business leaders and experts have proclaimed that project management is a strategic imperative